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105
模板/图/无权图BFS求最短路径.cpp
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105
模板/图/无权图BFS求最短路径.cpp
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/*
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* @Author: e2hang 2099307493@qq.com
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* @Date: 2025-12-11 21:29:50
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* @LastEditors: e2hang 2099307493@qq.com
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* @LastEditTime: 2025-12-11 21:30:10
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* @FilePath: \undefinedd:\code\Git-DataStructureAlgorithms\模板\图\无权图BFS求最短路径.cpp
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* @Description: 这是默认设置,请设置`customMade`, 打开koroFileHeader查看配置 进行设置: https://github.com/OBKoro1/koro1FileHeader/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE
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*/
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#include <iostream>
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#include <vector>
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#include <queue>
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#include <algorithm>
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using namespace std;
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/*
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* 无权图(所有边权为 1)的最短路径算法
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* 采用 BFS(广度优先搜索)
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*
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* BFS 的性质:
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* - 从起点 s 开始,按层扩展
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* - 第一次到达某节点时,路径长度一定最短
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*
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* 支持功能:
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* 1. dist[v] 记录起点到 v 的最短距离
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* 2. prev[v] 记录 v 的前驱节点,用于重建最短路径(可选)
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*/
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int main() {
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int n, e;
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cin >> n >> e;
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vector<vector<int>> adj(n); // 无权图邻接表
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int u, v;
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// 输入 e 条边(默认无向图,可改成有向图)
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for (int i = 0; i < e; i++) {
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cin >> u >> v;
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adj[u].push_back(v);
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adj[v].push_back(u); // 若为有向图,则删除这一行
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}
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int s; // 起点
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cin >> s;
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//
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// BFS 初始化
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//
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const int INF = 1e9;
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vector<int> dist(n, INF); // dist[i] = 到 i 的最短距离
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vector<int> prev(n, -1); // prev[i] = i 的前驱(用于重建路径)
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queue<int> q;
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// 起点初始化
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dist[s] = 0;
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q.push(s);
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//
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// BFS 主循环
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//
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while (!q.empty()) {
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int x = q.front();
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q.pop();
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// 遍历所有邻居
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for (int y : adj[x]) {
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// 若 y 未被访问过(dist[y] == INF)
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if (dist[y] == INF) {
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dist[y] = dist[x] + 1; // 更新最短距离
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prev[y] = x; // 记录前驱(x -> y)
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q.push(y); // 将 y 加入队列继续扩展
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}
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}
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}
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//
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// 输出所有点的最短距离
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//
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cout << "Shortest distances from " << s << ":" << endl;
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
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if (dist[i] == INF) cout << i << " : Unreachable" << endl;
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else cout << i << " : " << dist[i] << endl;
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}
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//
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// 可选:重建从 s 到某个 t 的最短路径
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//
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int t;
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cout << "Enter target node to reconstruct path: ";
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cin >> t;
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if (dist[t] == INF) {
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cout << "No path from " << s << " to " << t << endl;
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} else {
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vector<int> path;
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for (int cur = t; cur != -1; cur = prev[cur])
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path.push_back(cur);
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reverse(path.begin(), path.end());
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cout << "Path: ";
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for (int x : path) cout << x << " ";
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cout << endl;
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}
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return 0;
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}
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