438 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
438 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# HIS (Hospital Information System)
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一个完整的医院信息管理系统，使用C++20开发，支持病患管理、医生管理、药品管理、病房管理、患者病例管理和操作日志记录。
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## 系统概述
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HIS系统采用模块化设计，包含以下核心组件：
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- **数据模型层**: 定义所有业务实体和数据结构
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- **服务层**: 提供业务逻辑和数据操作接口
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- **工具层**: 提供日志记录、JSON序列化等通用功能
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- **用户界面层**: 命令行shell界面，支持交互式操作
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## 系统架构
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```mermaid
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graph TB
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A[ReplShell] --> B[HisCore]
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B --> C[PatientCaseService]
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B --> D[HisContext]
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D --> E[LinkedList<Patient>]
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D --> F[LinkedList<Doctor>]
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D --> G[LinkedList<Medicine>]
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D --> H[LinkedList<Ward>]
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D --> I[LinkedList<PatientCase>]
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C --> I
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A --> J[Logger]
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style A fill:#e1f5fe
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style B fill:#f3e5f5
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style C fill:#e8f5e8
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style J fill:#fff3e0
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```
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## 数据结构分析
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### 核心数据结构
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#### LinkedList<T>
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自定义链表实现，支持泛型存储和管理数据。
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**主要特性**:
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- 泛型支持，支持任意数据类型
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- 键值对存储 (key-value pairs)
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- 高效的查找、插入、删除操作
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- 内存安全，无需手动管理内存
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**使用示例**:
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```cpp
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LinkedList<std::string, Patient> patients;
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patients.insert("P001", patient);
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Patient* p = patients.find("P001")->value;
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```
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#### E2hangJson
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自定义JSON库，用于数据序列化和反序列化。
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**主要特性**:
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- 支持JSON对象、数组、字符串、数字、布尔值
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- 提供`toJson()`和`fromJson()`方法
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- 支持嵌套结构
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- 用于数据持久化到文件
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**使用示例**:
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```cpp
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JsonValue json = patient.toJson();
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std::string jsonStr = json.toString();
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Patient p = Patient::fromJson(json);
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```
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### 模型类
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#### 基础模型
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##### Patient (患者)
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```cpp
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class Patient {
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std::string id;
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std::string name;
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int age;
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std::string gender;
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std::string contact;
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std::string medicalHistory;
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};
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```
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##### Doctor (医生)
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```cpp
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class Doctor {
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std::string id;
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std::string name;
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std::string specialty;
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std::string contact;
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std::vector<std::string> patients;
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};
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```
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##### Medicine (药品)
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```cpp
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class Medicine {
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std::string id;
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std::string name;
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std::string description;
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double price;
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int stock;
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};
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```
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##### Ward (病房)
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```cpp
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class Ward {
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std::string id;
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std::string name;
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int capacity;
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int occupied;
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std::vector<std::string> patients;
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};
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```
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#### 患者病例管理模型
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##### DiagnosisRecord (诊断记录)
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```cpp
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class DiagnosisRecord {
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std::string diagnosisId;
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time_t diagnosisTime;
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std::string doctorId;
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std::string diagnosis;
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std::string notes;
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};
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```
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##### MedicineRecord (用药记录)
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```cpp
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class MedicineRecord {
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std::string recordId;
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time_t prescriptionTime;
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std::string medicineId;
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int quantity;
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double unitPrice;
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std::string doctorId;
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std::string notes;
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};
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```
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##### AdmissionRecord (入院记录)
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```cpp
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class AdmissionRecord {
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std::string admissionId;
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time_t admissionTime;
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time_t dischargeTime;
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std::string wardId;
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std::string reason;
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std::string status; // "admitted", "discharged"
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};
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```
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##### PatientCase (患者病例)
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```cpp
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class PatientCase {
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std::string patientId;
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std::vector<DiagnosisRecord> diagnoses;
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std::vector<MedicineRecord> medicines;
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std::vector<AdmissionRecord> admissions;
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};
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```
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### 服务层
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#### PatientCaseService
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患者病例管理服务类，提供病例的增删改查操作。
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**主要方法**:
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- `PatientCase* getOrCreateCase(const std::string& patientId)`: 获取或创建患者病例
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- `bool addDiagnosisRecord(const std::string& patientId, const DiagnosisRecord& record)`: 添加诊断记录
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- `bool addMedicineRecord(const std::string& patientId, const MedicineRecord& record)`: 添加用药记录
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- `bool admitPatient(const std::string& patientId, const std::string& wardId, const std::string& reason)`: 入院患者
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- `bool dischargePatient(const std::string& patientId)`: 出院患者
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- `double getTotalMedicineCost(const std::string& patientId)`: 计算总用药费用
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### 工具类
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#### Logger
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操作日志记录器，支持多种日志类型和格式化输出。
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**日志类型**:
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```cpp
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enum class LogEntryType {
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SHELL_COMMAND, // Shell命令
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PATIENT_OPERATION, // 患者操作
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DOCTOR_OPERATION, // 医生操作
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MEDICINE_OPERATION, // 药品操作
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WARD_OPERATION, // 病房操作
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CASE_OPERATION, // 病例操作
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SYSTEM_INFO, // 系统信息
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ERROR, // 错误
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DEBUG // 调试
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};
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```
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**主要方法**:
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- `void log(LogEntryType type, const std::string& command, const std::string& details)`: 记录日志
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- `void logShellCommand(const std::string& command)`: 记录shell命令
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- `bool exportToFile(const std::string& filename)`: 导出日志到文件
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- `void setFormat(const std::string& fmt)`: 设置日志格式
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### 上下文和核心类
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#### HisContext
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全局上下文类，持有所有系统数据。
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**主要成员**:
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```cpp
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class HisContext {
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LinkedList<std::string, Patient> patients;
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LinkedList<std::string, Doctor> doctors;
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LinkedList<std::string, Medicine> medicines;
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LinkedList<std::string, Ward> wards;
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LinkedList<std::string, PatientCase> patientCases;
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};
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```
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#### HisCore
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组合根类，组装所有服务和上下文。
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**主要成员**:
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```cpp
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class HisCore {
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HisContext ctx_;
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PatientCaseService patientCaseService;
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// 其他服务...
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};
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```
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#### ReplShell
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命令行交互shell，处理用户输入和命令执行。
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**支持的命令**:
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- 患者管理: `add_patient`, `list_patients`, `find_patient`, `update_patient`, `delete_patient`
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- 医生管理: `add_doctor`, `list_doctors`, `find_doctor`, `update_doctor`, `delete_doctor`
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- 药品管理: `add_medicine`, `list_medicines`, `find_medicine`, `update_medicine`, `delete_medicine`
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- 病房管理: `add_ward`, `list_wards`, `find_ward`, `update_ward`, `delete_ward`
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- 病例管理: `add_diagnosis`, `add_medicine_record`, `admit_patient`, `discharge_patient`, `show_case`, `case_cost`
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- 日志管理: `show_logs`, `export_logs`, `clear_logs`
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- 系统命令: `help`, `exit`, `save`, `load`
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## 使用指南
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### 编译和运行
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#### 编译
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```bash
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mkdir -p build
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cd build
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cmake ..
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make -j4
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```
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#### 运行
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```bash
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# 交互式 Shell
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cd build
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./his
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# 在命令行中执行脚本批处理（适合测试）
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cd build
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printf "patient load ../data/patients.txt\ndoctor load ../data/doctors.txt\ncase view p1001\nexit\n" | ./his
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```
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### 推荐数据文件路径
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- `data/patients.txt`
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- `data/doctors.txt`
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- `data/medicines.txt`
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- `data/wards.txt`
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### 核心命令
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<details>
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<summary>病人管理</summary>
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- `patient add <patientId> <name> <age> <gender> <contact> [Outpatient|Inpatient|Discharged]`
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- `patient update <patientId> <name> <age> <gender> <contact>`
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- `patient rm <patientId>`
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- `patient list`
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- `patient search id <patientId_keyword>`
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- `patient search name <name_keyword>`
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- `patient search phone <contact_keyword>`
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- `patient search <keyword>`（兼容旧版，优先 id -> name -> phone）
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- `patient load [file_path]`
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- `patient save [file_path]`
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- `patient admit <wardId> <patientId>`
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- `patient release bed <wardId> <bedId>`
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- `patient release patient <wardId> <patientId>`
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>医生管理</summary>
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- `doctor add <doctorId> <name> <departmentId> <Chief|AssociateChief|Attending|Resident> <schedule>`
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- `doctor rm <doctorId>`
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- `doctor list`
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- `doctor list dept <departmentId>`
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- `doctor search <keyword>`（兼容旧版，任一字段包含匹配）
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- `doctor search name <name_keyword>`
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- `doctor search dept <departmentId_keyword>`（模糊匹配、大小写不敏感）
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- `doctor search title <title_keyword>`
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- `doctor search schedule <schedule_keyword>`
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- `doctor load [file_path]`
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- `doctor save [file_path]`
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>药品管理</summary>
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- `medicine add <id> <genericName> <brandName> <departmentId> <stock> <unitPrice>`
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- `medicine list`
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- `medicine stock inc <id> <amount>`
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- `medicine stock dec <id> <amount>`
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- `medicine find <keyword>`（通用模糊搜索）
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- `medicine load [file_path]`
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- `medicine save [file_path]`
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>病房管理</summary>
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- `ward add <wardId> <departmentId> <Normal|Special|ICU> <maxBeds>`
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- `ward rm <wardId>`
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- `ward list`
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- `ward show <wardId>`
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- `ward bed add <wardId> <bedId>`
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- `ward bed rm <wardId> <bedId>`
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>病例管理</summary>
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- `case diagnosis add <patientId> <doctorId> <diagnosis> [prescription] [remarks]`
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- `case medicine add <patientId> <medicineId> <medicineName> <quantity> <usage> <unitPrice>`
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- `case admission add <patientId> <wardId> <bedId> [reason]`
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- `case discharge <patientId> [summary]`
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- `case appointment add <patientId> <doctorId> <date> [notes]`
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- `case view <patientId>`
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- `case stats <patientId>`
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>日志管理</summary>
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- `log view <num>`
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- `log export <path>`
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- `log clear`
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</details>
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### 本次新增点
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- `patient search id`：按 `patientId` 模糊、大小写不敏感匹配
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- `doctor search dept`：科室支持模糊匹配（不区分大小写）
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- 所有 `search` 已统一为不区分大小写匹配
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# 交互模式
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./his
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# 无shell模式
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./his --noshell
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```
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### 数据文件
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系统使用JSON文件进行数据持久化：
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- `data/patients.txt`: 患者数据
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- `data/doctors.txt`: 医生数据
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- `data/medicines.txt`: 药品数据
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- `data/wards.txt`: 病房数据
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### Shell命令使用
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#### 患者病例管理示例
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```bash
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# 添加诊断记录
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add_diagnosis P001 D001 "肺炎" "需要抗生素治疗"
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# 添加用药记录
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add_medicine_record P001 M001 5 25.0 D001 "每日三次"
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# 入院患者
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admit_patient P001 W001 "肺炎治疗"
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# 出院患者
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discharge_patient P001
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# 查看患者病例
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show_case P001
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# 计算用药总费用
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case_cost P001
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```
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#### 日志管理示例
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```bash
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# 查看日志
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show_logs
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# 导出日志
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export_logs logs/session.log
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# 清除日志
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clear_logs
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```
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### 数据结构使用最佳实践
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1. **内存管理**: LinkedList自动管理内存，无需手动释放
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2. **数据一致性**: 通过服务层进行所有数据操作，确保业务规则
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3. **日志记录**: 所有重要操作都会自动记录到日志系统
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4. **数据持久化**: 使用`save`命令保存数据到文件，`load`命令从文件加载
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5. **错误处理**: 系统提供完善的错误处理和用户提示
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### 扩展开发
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#### 添加新的数据模型
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1. 在`include/models/`下定义新类
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2. 实现`toJson()`和`fromJson()`方法
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3. 在`HisContext`中添加对应的LinkedList成员
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4. 在服务层添加业务逻辑
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5. 在`ReplShell`中添加相应的命令处理
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#### 添加新的日志类型
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在`LogEntryType`枚举中添加新类型，然后在相应位置调用`logger.log()`方法。
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## 许可证
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本项目采用MIT许可证。 |