689 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
689 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# 实验九 BIOS中断实验报告
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## 一、实验目的
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1. 掌握BIOS中断调用的基本原理和方法
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2. 学会使用INT 10H进行屏幕显示和图形操作
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3. 学会使用INT 16H进行键盘输入处理
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4. 学会使用INT 1AH读取系统时间和日期
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5. 掌握通过端口操作控制硬件的方法
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## 二、实验内容
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### 2.1 基础性实验
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#### 实验1-1：字符串显示程序
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**实验题目**：使用INT 10H的13H功能显示字符串
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**程序源码** (string_display.asm)：
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```asm
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; 实验九 - 字符串显示程序
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; 功能: 使用INT 10H的13H功能在屏幕上显示字符串
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; 模式: 文本模式 80x25 彩色
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.MODEL SMALL
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.DATA
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MSG DB 'Hello, BIOS Interrupt!', 0DH, 0AH, '$'
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CRLF DB 0DH, 0AH, '$'
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.CODE
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.STARTUP
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MOV AX, @DATA
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MOV DS, AX
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; 设置光标位置 (0, 0)
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MOV AH, 02H
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MOV BH, 0
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MOV DH, 0
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MOV DL, 0
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INT 10H
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; 使用INT 10H的13H功能显示字符串
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MOV AH, 13H
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MOV AL, 01H
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MOV BH, 0
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MOV BL, 0FH
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MOV CX, 24
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LEA BP, MSG
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INT 10H
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MOV AH, 01H
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INT 21H
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.EXIT
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END
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```
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**说明**：INT 10H的13H功能用于显示带属性的字符串，AL=01H表示字符串包含属性，BL中指定前景色。
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---
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#### 实验1-2：键盘输入程序
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**实验题目**：使用INT 16H读取键盘输入
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**程序源码** (keyboard_input.asm)：
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```asm
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; 实验九 - 键盘输入程序
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.MODEL SMALL
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.DATA
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PROMPT DB 'Please press any key: ', '$'
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KEY_MSG DB 'You pressed: ', '$'
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CRLF DB 0DH, 0AH, '$'
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BUFFER DB 80 DUP(?)
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.CODE
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.STARTUP
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MOV AX, @DATA
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MOV DS, AX
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LEA DX, PROMPT
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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MOV AH, 10H
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INT 16H
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MOV [BUFFER], AL
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MOV [BUFFER+1], AH
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LEA DX, CRLF
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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LEA DX, KEY_MSG
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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MOV AL, [BUFFER]
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CALL PRINT_CHAR
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MOV AH, 02H
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MOV DL, ' '
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INT 21H
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MOV AL, [BUFFER+1]
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CALL PRINT_HEX
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MOV AH, 00H
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INT 16H
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.EXIT
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PRINT_CHAR PROC
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PUSH AX
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MOV DL, AL
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MOV AH, 02H
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INT 21H
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POP AX
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RET
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PRINT_CHAR ENDP
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PRINT_HEX PROC
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PUSH CX
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PUSH DX
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MOV DL, AL
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MOV CL, 4
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SHR DL, CL
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CALL PRINT_NIBBLE
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MOV DL, AL
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AND DL, 0FH
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CALL PRINT_NIBBLE
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POP DX
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POP CX
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RET
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PRINT_HEX ENDP
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PRINT_NIBBLE PROC
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PUSH DX
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CMP DL, 10
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JB IS_DIGIT
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ADD DL, 'A' - 10
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JMP PRINT_IT
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IS_DIGIT:
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ADD DL, '0'
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PRINT_IT:
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MOV AH, 02H
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INT 21H
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POP DX
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RET
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PRINT_NIBBLE ENDP
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END
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```
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**说明**：INT 16H的10H功能读取扩展键盘，00H功能读取基本键盘，返回值AL=ASCII码，AH=扫描码。
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---
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#### 实验1-3：读取时间程序
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**实验题目**：使用INT 1AH读取系统时间
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**程序源码** (read_time.asm)：
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```asm
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; 实验九 - 读取时间程序
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.MODEL SMALL
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.DATA
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TIME_MSG DB 'Current system time: ', '$'
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HOUR_DB '00', ':', '$'
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MIN_DB '00', ':', '$'
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SEC_DB '00', '$'
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CRLF DB 0DH, 0AH, '$'
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.CODE
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.STARTUP
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MOV AX, @DATA
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MOV DS, AX
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MAIN_LOOP:
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MOV AH, 02H
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INT 1AH
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; DL=日, DH=时, CL=分, CH=秒 (BCD)
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MOV AL, DH
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CALL BIN_TO_BCD
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MOV [HOUR_DB], AH
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MOV [HOUR_DB+1], AL
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MOV AL, CL
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CALL BIN_TO_BCD
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MOV [MIN_DB], AH
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MOV [MIN_DB+1], AL
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MOV AL, CH
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CALL BIN_TO_BCD
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MOV [SEC_DB], AH
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MOV [SEC_DB+1], AL
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MOV AX, 0600H
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MOV BH, 07H
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MOV CX, 0000H
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MOV DX, 184FH
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INT 10H
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MOV AH, 02H
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MOV BH, 0
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MOV DH, 10
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MOV DL, 30
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INT 10H
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LEA DX, TIME_MSG
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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LEA DX, HOUR_DB
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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LEA DX, MIN_DB
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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LEA DX, SEC_DB
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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MOV CX, 0
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MOV DX, 0
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MOV AH, 86H
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INT 15H
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JMP MAIN_LOOP
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.EXIT
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BIN_TO_BCD PROC
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PUSH DX
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MOV AH, 0
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MOV DL, 10
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DIV DL
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MOV DL, AH
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MOV AH, AL
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MOV AL, DL
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POP DX
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RET
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BIN_TO_BCD ENDP
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END
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```
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**说明**：INT 1AH的02H功能返回BCD格式时间，需要转换为ASCII字符串显示。
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---
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#### 实验1-4：声音程序
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**实验题目**：通过端口操作产生声音
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**程序源码** (sound_porgram.asm)：
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```asm
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; 实验九 - 声音程序
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.MODEL SMALL
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.DATA
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TONE_DB 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000
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COUNT DB 5
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.CODE
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.STARTUP
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MOV AX, @DATA
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MOV DS, AX
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MOV AL, 10110110B
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OUT 43H, AL
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LEA SI, TONE_DB
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MOV CL, [COUNT]
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TONE_LOOP:
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LODSB
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CBW
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OUT 42H, AL
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MOV AL, AH
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OUT 42H, AL
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IN AL, 61H
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OR AL, 00000011B
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OUT 61H, AL
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MOV CX, 0FFFFH
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DELAY1:
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LOOP DELAY1
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IN AL, 61H
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AND AL, 11111100B
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OUT 61H, AL
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MOV CX, 0FFFFH
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DELAY2:
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LOOP DELAY2
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DEC CL
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JNZ TONE_LOOP
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MOV AH, 01H
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INT 21H
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.EXIT
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END
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```
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**说明**：通过端口61H控制扬声器，端口42H设置8253计数器2的频率。频率=1193180/计数值。
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---
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### 2.2 加强性实验
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#### 实验2-1：图形显示程序
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**实验题目**：设置图形模式并画线
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**程序源码** (graphics_display.asm)：
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```asm
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; 实验九 - 图形显示程序
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.MODEL SMALL
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.DATA
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MSG DB 'Press any key to exit...', '$'
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.CODE
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.STARTUP
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MOV AH, 00H
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MOV AL, 13H
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INT 10H
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; 红色水平线
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MOV CX, 20
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MOV DX, 50
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LINE1:
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MOV AL, 0FCH
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MOV AH, 0CH
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INT 10H
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INC CX
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CMP CX, 100
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JNE LINE1
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; 绿色垂直线
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MOV CX, 150
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MOV DX, 30
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LINE2:
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MOV AL, 3FH
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MOV AH, 0CH
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INT 10H
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INC DX
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CMP DX, 90
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JNE LINE2
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; 蓝色斜线
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MOV CX, 200
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MOV DX, 100
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LINE3:
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MOV AL, 9FH
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MOV AH, 0CH
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INT 10H
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INC CX
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INC DX
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CMP CX, 260
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JNE LINE3
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MOV AH, 00H
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MOV AL, 03H
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INT 10H
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LEA DX, MSG
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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MOV AH, 00H
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INT 16H
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.EXIT
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END
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```
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**说明**：INT 10H的00H功能设置图形模式13H(320x200x256色)，0CH功能在图形模式下画点。
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---
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#### 实验2-2：键盘计数器程序
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**实验题目**：统计按键次数
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**程序源码** (keyboard_counter.asm)：
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```asm
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; 实验九 - 键盘计数器程序
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.MODEL SMALL
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.DATA
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TITLE_MSG DB '=== Keyboard Counter ===', 0DH, 0AH, '$'
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COUNT_MSG DB 'Key presses: ', '$'
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COUNT_STR DB '00000', '$'
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.CODE
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.STARTUP
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MOV AX, @DATA
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MOV DS, AX
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MOV AX, 0600H
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MOV BH, 07H
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MOV CX, 0000H
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MOV DX, 184FH
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INT 10H
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LEA DX, TITLE_MSG
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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LEA DX, COUNT_MSG
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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LEA DX, COUNT_STR
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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XOR CX, CX
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COUNT_LOOP:
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MOV AH, 01H
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INT 16H
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JZ NO_KEY
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MOV AH, 00H
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INT 16H
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CMP AH, 01H
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JE EXIT_PROGRAM
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INC CX
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CALL WORD_TO_STR
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MOV AH, 02H
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MOV BH, 0
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MOV DH, 2
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MOV DL, 12
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INT 10H
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LEA DX, COUNT_STR
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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NO_KEY:
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MOV CX, 0FFFFH
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DELAY:
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LOOP DELAY
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JMP COUNT_LOOP
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EXIT_PROGRAM:
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.EXIT
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WORD_TO_STR PROC
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PUSH AX
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PUSH BX
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PUSH DX
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MOV AX, CX
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MOV BX, 10
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MOV DX, 0
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DIV BX
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ADD DL, '0'
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MOV [COUNT_STR+4], DL
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MOV DX, 0
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DIV BX
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ADD DL, '0'
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MOV [COUNT_STR+3], DL
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MOV DX, 0
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DIV BX
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ADD DL, '0'
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MOV [COUNT_STR+2], DL
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MOV DX, 0
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DIV BX
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ADD DL, '0'
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MOV [COUNT_STR+1], DL
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MOV DX, 0
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DIV BX
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ADD DL, '0'
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MOV [COUNT_STR], DL
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POP DX
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POP BX
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POP AX
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RET
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WORD_TO_STR ENDP
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END
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```
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**说明**：INT 16H的01H功能检查是否有按键(ZF=1表示无按键)，00H功能读取按键。
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---
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#### 实验2-3：时钟显示程序
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**实验题目**：实时显示系统时间
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**程序源码** (clock_display.asm)：
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```asm
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; 实验九 - 时钟显示程序
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.MODEL SMALL
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.DATA
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TIME_FORMAT DB '00:00:00', '$'
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TITLE DB '=== Real Time Clock ===', 0DH, 0AH, '$'
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DATE_FMT DB 'Date: 20XX/XX/XX', '$'
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.CODE
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.STARTUP
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MOV AX, @DATA
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MOV DS, AX
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MAIN_LOOP:
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MOV AH, 02H
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INT 1AH
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MOV AL, DH
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CALL BCD_TO_STR
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MOV [TIME_FORMAT], AH
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MOV [TIME_FORMAT+1], AL
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MOV AL, CL
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CALL BCD_TO_STR
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MOV [TIME_FORMAT+3], AH
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MOV [TIME_FORMAT+4], AL
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MOV AL, CH
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CALL BCD_TO_STR
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MOV [TIME_FORMAT+6], AH
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MOV [TIME_FORMAT+7], AL
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MOV AH, 04H
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INT 1AH
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MOV AL, CH
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CALL BCD_TO_STR
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MOV [DATE_FMT+8], AH
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MOV [DATE_FMT+9], AL
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MOV AL, CL
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CALL BCD_TO_STR
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MOV [DATE_FMT+12], AH
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MOV [DATE_FMT+13], AL
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MOV AL, DH
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CALL BCD_TO_STR
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MOV [DATE_FMT+15], AH
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MOV [DATE_FMT+16], AL
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MOV AL, DL
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CALL BCD_TO_STR
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MOV [DATE_FMT+18], AH
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MOV [DATE_FMT+19], AL
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MOV AX, 0600H
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MOV BH, 07H
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MOV CX, 0000H
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MOV DX, 184FH
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INT 10H
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MOV AH, 02H
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MOV BH, 0
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MOV DH, 10
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MOV DL, 35
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INT 10H
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LEA DX, TITLE
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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MOV AH, 02H
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MOV BH, 0
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MOV DH, 12
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MOV DL, 35
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INT 10H
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LEA DX, TIME_FORMAT
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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MOV AH, 02H
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MOV BH, 0
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MOV DH, 14
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MOV DL, 32
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INT 10H
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LEA DX, DATE_FMT
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MOV AH, 09H
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INT 21H
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MOV CX, 0
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MOV DX, 0
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MOV AH, 86H
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INT 15H
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MOV AH, 01H
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INT 16H
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JZ MAIN_LOOP
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MOV AH, 00H
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INT 16H
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CMP AH, 01H
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JNE MAIN_LOOP
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.EXIT
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BCD_TO_STR PROC
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PUSH DX
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MOV AH, AL
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AND AH, 0F0H
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MOV DL, 4
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SHR AH, DL
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ADD AH, '0'
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MOV DL, AL
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AND DL, 0FH
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ADD DL, '0'
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MOV AL, DL
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POP DX
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RET
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BCD_TO_STR ENDP
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END
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```
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**说明**：INT 1AH的02H读取BCD时间，04H读取BCD日期。BCD转ASCII需要分离高低4位并加上'0'。
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---
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## 三、思考题
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### 3.1 图形显示程序中如何切换到图形模式？
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**答**：通过INT 10H的00H功能设置显示模式：
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```asm
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MOV AH, 00H
|
||
MOV AL, 13H ; 320x200x256色图形模式
|
||
INT 10H
|
||
```
|
||
切回文本模式：AL=03H
|
||
|
||
### 3.2 键盘计数器程序中如何检测是否有按键按下？
|
||
|
||
**答**：使用INT 16H的01H功能：
|
||
```asm
|
||
MOV AH, 01H
|
||
INT 16H
|
||
JZ NO_KEY ; ZF=1表示无按键
|
||
```
|
||
ZF=0表示有按键可用。
|
||
|
||
### 3.3 时钟显示程序中如何将二进制时间转换为ASCII字符串？
|
||
|
||
**答**：BIOS返回的是BCD码，需分离高低4位并加上ASCII'0'：
|
||
```asm
|
||
MOV AH, AL
|
||
AND AH, 0F0H ; 取高位
|
||
SHR AH, 4
|
||
ADD AH, '0'
|
||
MOV DL, AL
|
||
AND DL, 0FH ; 取低位
|
||
ADD DL, '0'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 3.4 上述三个程序分别使用了哪些BIOS中断？
|
||
|
||
**答**：
|
||
|
||
| 程序 | 使用的中断 |
|
||
|------|------------|
|
||
| 图形显示程序 | INT 10H (00H设置模式, 0CH画点), INT 16H (00H读取按键) |
|
||
| 键盘计数器程序 | INT 10H (02H光标, 13H显示), INT 16H (01H检查, 00H读取) |
|
||
| 时钟显示程序 | INT 10H (00H清除, 02H光标, 09H显示), INT 1AH (02H时间, 04H日期), INT 15H (86H延时), INT 16H (01H检查, 00H读取) |
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 四、文件清单
|
||
|
||
| 文件名 | 功能描述 |
|
||
|--------|----------|
|
||
| string_display.asm | 字符串显示程序 - 使用INT 10H的13H功能 |
|
||
| keyboard_input.asm | 键盘输入程序 - 使用INT 16H |
|
||
| read_time.asm | 读取时间程序 - 使用INT 1AH |
|
||
| sound_porgram.asm | 声音程序 - 通过端口61H/42H控制扬声器 |
|
||
| graphics_display.asm | 图形显示程序 - 图形模式13H画线 |
|
||
| keyboard_counter.asm | 键盘计数器程序 - 统计按键次数 |
|
||
| clock_display.asm | 时钟显示程序 - 实时显示系统时间 |
|
||
| REPORT.md | 本实验报告 |
|